Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Cooperation affection is a manifestation that can reflect an individual’s emotional tendency (positive or negative) towards cooperation. Some research results show that power reduces cooperation; however, other research results show that power might increase cooperation. To understand the contradictory relationship between power and cooperation, the current study explored the influence of power sense on teenagers’ cooperative emotion (cooperation affection) among different ages (including middle school students, high school students, and university students) and found that: there was a significant decline in the cooperation affection among teenagers as they aged and gender had a marginally significant impact on teenagers’ cooperation affection; power positively predicts cooperation affection; age moderates the effect of power on the cooperation affection, which meant the influence of power sense on old teenagers’ cooperation affection was more significant.
References
Avrahami, J., Kareev, Y., Todd, P. M., & Silverman, B. (2014). Allocation of resources in asymmetric competitions: how do the weak maintain a chance of winning?. Journal of Economic Psychology, 42(2), 161-174.
Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (1993). Domains of fuzzy-trace theory. In Emerging Themes in Cognitive Development: Volume I: Foundations (pp. 50-93). New York, NY: Springer New York.
Brainerd, C. J., Reyna, V. F., & Zember, E. (2011). Theoretical and forensic implications of developmental studies of the DRM illusion. Memory and Cognition, 39, 365–380. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-010-0043-2
Carey, S., & Diamond, R. (1977). From piecemeal to configurational representation of faces. Science, 195(4275), 312-314.
Chen, S., Langner, C. A., & Mendozadenton, R. (2009). When Dispositional and Role Power Fit: Implications for Self-Expression and Self-Other Congruence. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 96, 710-727. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014526
De Cremer, D., & Tyler, T. R. (2007). The effects of trust in authority and procedural fairness on cooperation. J Appl Psychol, 92(3), 639-649.
Fiebich, A. (2019). Social Cognition, Empathy and Agent-Specificities in Cooperation. Topoi, 38, 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-017-9480-x
Gutierrez-Roig, M., Gracia-Lazaro, C., Perello, J., Moreno, Y., & Sanchez, A. (2014). Transition from reciprocal cooperation to persistent behaviour in social dilemmas at the end of adolescence. Nat Commun, 5,4362. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5362.
Hammar Chiriac, E. (2014). Group work as an incentive for learning–students’ experiences of group work. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 558. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00558
Harms, P. D., Roberts, B. W., & Wood, D. (2007). Who Shall Lead? An Integrative Personality Approach to the Study of the Antecedents of Status in Informal Social Organizations. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 689-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.001
Jackson, L. A., Zhao, Y., Qiu, W., et al. (2008). Cultural difference in morality in the real and virtual worlds: A comparison of Chinese and U.S. youth. Cyber Psychol Behav, 11(3), 279-286. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0098
Kimbrough, E. O., Sheremeta, R. M., & Shields, T. W. (2014). When parity promotes peace: resolving conflict between asymmetric agents. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 99(1), 96-108.
Lee, S. (2011, July). Different gender-based roles on cooperation: Integrating differentiated leader member exchanges, communication, and trust in hotel organizations. Paper presented at the meeting of International CHRIE Conference, Denver, Colorado USA.
Lingyan, G., & Dianli, Y. (2021). Research on the Influence of Taekwondo on Teenagers’ Psychological Quality. Journal of Frontiers in Educational Research, 1(5), 106-8. https://doi.org/10.23977/aetp.2021.58001
Liben, L. S., & Posnansky, C. J. (1977). Inferences on inference: The effects of age, transitive ability, memory load, and lexical factors. Child Development, 1490-1497.
Liu, C., Wei, Q., Zhuang, X., Wang, J. & Fan, T. (2014). The Effect of Power on Cognition: Heuristic or Analytic? Journal of Psychological Science, 37(2) ,446－453. http://bit.ly/3CSJieE
Lu, J. M. (2009a). On Adolescent Affective Quality. Educational Research, 10, 30-35.
Lu, J. M., et al. (2009b). An investigation of the Status quo of China's Contemporary Youth’s. Affective Quality. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 41(12), 1152−1164. https://bit.ly/3NM9C0w
Lu, Y., Zhang, L., & Xu, B. (2016). The Effect on Cooperative Behaviors by Cooperation Index and Social Distance. Psychological Science, 39(2), 435–440. http://bit.ly/42WNWTD
Miller, P. H., & Bjorklund, D. F. (1998). Contemplating fuzzy-trace theory: The gist of it. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 71(2), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1998.2471
Ornstein, A. (2021). A developmental perspective on the sense of power, self-esteem, and destructive aggression. In The Annual of Psychoanalysis (pp. 145-154). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203779118
Perner, J., & Mansbridge, D. G. (1983). Developmental differences in encoding length series. Child development, 710-719.
Peterson, S. E., & Miller, J. A. (2004). Comparing the quality of students' experiences during cooperative learning and large-group instruction. The Journal of Educational Research, 97(3), 123-134.
Reyna, V. F., & Kiernan, B. (1994). The development of gist versus verbatim memory in sentence recognition: Effects of lexical familiarity, semantic content, encoding instruction, and retention interval. Developmental Psychology, 30, 178–191. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.30.2.178
Reyna, V. F., & Kiernan, B. (1995). Children's memory and metaphorical interpretation. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 10, 309–331. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327868ms1004_5
Rivers, S. E., Reyna, V. F., & Mills, B. (2008). Risk taking under the influence: A fuzzy-trace theory of emotion in adolescence. Developmental Review, 28(1), 107-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2007.11.002
Ruegera, S. Y., Maleckia, C. K., & Demaraya, M. K. (2008). Gender difference in the
relationship between perceived social support and student adjustment during early adolescence. School Psychology Quarterly, 23, 496-514. https://doi.org/10.1037/1045-3830.23.4.496
Sandu, C. M., Pânişoarã, G., & Pânişoarã, I. O. (2015). Study on the development of self-awareness in teenagers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1656-1660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.05.060
Szathmáry, E. (2011). To group or not to group. Science, 334, 1648–1649.
Bickerton, D., & Szathmáry, E. (2011). Confrontational scavenging as a possible source for language and cooperation. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11, 261.
Sun, H. (2012). The empirical study on the current situation, influence factors and cultivation of teenagers’ cooperation affection [Master dissertation, Shanghai Normal University in China].
Van Dijk, E., & Wilke, H. (1995). Coordination rules in asymmetric social dilemmas: a comparison between public good dilemmas and resource dilemmas. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31(1), 1-27.
Volet, S., & Mansfield, C. (2006). Group work at university: Significance of personal goals in the regulation strategies of students with positive and negative appraisals. Higher Education Research & Development, 25(4), 341-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360600947301
Wang, J. Z. (2018). The causes and solution of power worship. Leadership Science, (25),45-47. https://doi.org/10.19572/j.cnki.ldkx.2018.25.014
Waterman, A. S. (1982). Identity development from adolescence to adulthood: An extension of theory and a review of research. Developmental psychology, 18(3), 341.
Zheng, T. J. (2022). An empirical study on group learning effect o of university students' specialized courses--Take X University as an example [Master dissertation, Northwest University for Nationalities in China].
Zhou, H., & Long, L. Y. (2004). Statistical Remedies for Common Method Biases. Advances in Psychological Science, 12(6), 942-950. https://bit.ly/3NOUAqM
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lei Zhang (Author); Qiuqiang Zheng, Syed Mohamad Syed Abdulla (Co-Authors); Feifei Li (Author)