Legality and Limitation of Administrative Emergency Powers Through the Lens of Legal Paternalism
PDF

Keywords

Administrative Emergency Power; Legal Paternalism; Fundamental Rights

How to Cite

YU, Z., & Xu, Z. (2025). Legality and Limitation of Administrative Emergency Powers Through the Lens of Legal Paternalism. International Theory and Practice in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(4), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.70693/itphss.v2i4.146
Received 2024-11-08
Accepted 2024-11-11
Published 2025-04-28

Abstract

 Administrative emergency powers, characterized by extra-legal authority, concentrated decision-making, and procedural simplification, often disrupt the regular legal order, raising questions of legitimacy and legality. As an interventionist model, legal paternalism aligns closely with the core features of emergency powers and holds the potential for embedding within and legitimizing these powers. However, the inherent lack of democratic accountability in legal paternalism, limited risk perception and decision-making scope, and tendency toward expanded intervention call for caution. To ensure the reasonable exercise of emergency powers, it is essential to establish clear boundaries by applying the proportionality principle, developing effective risk communication frameworks, and upholding the inviolable principle of human dignity.

https://doi.org/10.70693/itphss.v2i4.146
PDF

References

Andrew, E. (2011). Jean Bodin on sovereignty. Republics of Letters: A Journal for the Study of Knowledge, Politics, and the Arts, 2(2), 80. file:///Users/zz/Downloads/Jean%20Bodin%20Sovereignty.pdf

Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity (Vol. 17). Sage, 57–61.

Chen, X. (2021). Rights of emergency: Systematic construction, competitive application, and structural classification. Peking University Law Journal, 1, 5–31. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-4875.2021.01.001

Christman, J. (2014). Relational autonomy and the social dynamics of paternalism. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 17, 369–382. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24478654

Coleman, J. L., & Leiter, B. (2010). Legal positivism. In A companion to philosophy of law and legal theory (pp. 228–248). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Engle, E. (2012). The history of the general principle of proportionality: An overview. Dartmouth Law Journal, 10, 1. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1431179

Feinberg, J. (2015). The moral limits of the criminal law: Harm to self (F. Quan, Trans.). The Commercial Press. (Original work published 1986), 13.

Gao, X., Gao, Y., & Liu, Y. (2012). A study on citizen participation in responding to marine pollution emergencies: A case study of the Dalian '7·16' oil spill incident emergency response. Economic Vision, (03), 89–90. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-3309(z).2012.03.39

Guo, C. Z. (2010). Legal paternalism and its limitations on fundamental rights. Law Press, 178.

Han, D. (2005). On the limitation and protection of citizens' fundamental rights in states of emergency. Study & Exploration, 2005(4), 80–83. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-462X.2005.04.019

Hayek, F. A. (2022). Law, legislation and liberty (Vol. 3, Z. Deng, S. Zhang, & J. Li, Trans.). Encyclopedia of China Publishing House.

He, R., & Qi, X. (2010). Potential dilemmas of legal paternalism and safeguarding strategies. Changbai Journal, 05, 86–91. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-5478.2010.05.021

He, Y. (2007). Locke’s view on private remedy. Law and Social Development, 5, 127–134. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=pTDtInUJxYwSRbOgisgBI7tiRcr-vQZhB1mml5yN59lJNbUKILMicvJgcnAuqt31RFNXQUJAumXRAxu-kVJ0my0Y6S7wvZTH9Y3M6hG8X_T2LmJ2CyBZGNCmE18axSip7pn4bBKOKQfWpdm3FIOLIDVCWlDwDUJtVntgwWPuyGuaP01CcJRJK4jT9BkI20f7

He, Y. L. (2018). An intellectual history of public administration. China Renmin University Press, 65.

Hobbes, T. (2003). Leviathan: On the citizen (Y. Ying & K. Feng, Trans.). Guiyang People's Publishing House.

Hu, J. (2023). Administrative law (5th ed.). Law Press, 5–8.

Huang, W. (2010). Legal paternalism as a pattern of legal interference. Chinese Journal of Law, 5, 3–17. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=pTDtInUJxYxXn_tRFUMD822JeRknH_1BxZCgmtP-cU_UC3dEJF_o2_mnGr3SeYSemR10k2udGowPxz3mdt4vocBUnPuCl4B-14Uzc1T2pNyNAyiIT_7aeQ4M5nvK1KnY8C3ATDrgLEf2AnMMOSbW8lYN1BUvGxOnyUaIJIQ8IWmYZAfatxoTFviYbMB1TXgn

Kleinig, J. (1984). Paternalism. Rowman & Allanheld Publishers, 3–17.

Lau, H., Khosrawipour, V., Kocbach, P., Mikolajczyk, A., Schubert, J., Bania, J., & Khosrawipour, T. (2020). The positive impact of lockdown in Wuhan on containing the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(3), taaa037. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa037

Li, X. (2021). The ideal type of emergency rule of law and its transcendence. China Law Review, (2),88–101. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=pTDtInUJxYzd0TuWvetqy7YDrgg0wtArIrfMM8aiM-rNxXJxZIBI65trV02hySq143dI6mgrw95DRZspwpzAyg-PQEShYVDteeOGukIeRcWPUVtccjRciRfx6FOqmgXTeqbcaSS8G4jSa76mXI6yTGtDxgs-ZV2C61NPV2MxiC4gjlcq9r5OxSylP3GJxFLp&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS

Lin, H. (2009). On the nature and effect of emergency plans: Focus on the national and provincial emergency plans. The Jurist, (02), 22-30+156. https://doi.org/10.16094/j.cnki.1005-0221.2009.02.005

Liu, X. (2021). The logic justification on derogation of civil rights in the state of emergency. Law Science, 07, 24–34. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=pTDtInUJxYz5zDXSHcVnMigzFlxdhadI4yDid2R_XVQtq-909dqPnRTIHx9rbY6VWoS1jZC5hbRbTIOxXLhVQr8Sw5Yi0qx7fIjNemaBQZ63roj1SicRjFGP9MTfXoaY-JoBzK_8cMRb_nSTVpw7qkWlllk7tgpPIoJPq2IGECXdwRcRALbzH7hkVowr7WLx8qgbusnc-6E=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS

Liu, Y. (2008). On the concept of legitimacy and legality. Law and Social Development, 3, 12–21. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=pTDtInUJxYzUYObZU8WgigNpzzsyodPDQ-euj_2IB-TRn6tyAiuFhygO0pNvVrTTbG0uPsi1N09WYgUJ1TfmktB5jPjv0obgxxOdYjrYqvmK7_LurK7JCv99flteQt74RevlQRTiA9C0P8EiZ3-jyLfB26Mr0PDh3lvx1v2GesAXt1LnLvL5E6af_Wsr42tz&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS

Lupton, D. (2006). Sociology and risk. In Beyond the risk society: Critical reflections on risk and human security (pp. 11–24). https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=64d7b16f1c98c4e95af8d84af574008c4c80d98d

Peng, W. (2020). Risk assessment of crowded stampede accident in large-scale events in urban public places. Journal of Hubei University of Police, 01, 22–30. https://doi.org/10.19828/j.issn1673-2391.2020.01.003

Peking University Law. (2013, June 29). Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases law of the People's Republic of China (2013 Amendment). Peking University Law. https://www.pkulaw.com/en_law/b34b627b643cd519bdfb.html?keyword=Prevention%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Infectious%20Diseases

Peking University Law. (2017, July 1). The Administrative Litigation Law of the People's Republic of China (2017 Revision). Peking University Law. https://www.pkulaw.com/en_law/76c54b08f88ee7efbdfb.html?keyword=%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E8%AF%89%E8%AE%BC%E6%B3%95

Peking University Law. (2021, January 1). Civil Code of the People's Republic of China. Peking University Law. https://www.pkulaw.com/en_law/aa00daaeb5a4fe4ebdfb.html?keyword=civil%20code

Peking University Law. (2024, November 1). Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China (2024 Revision). Peking University Law. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=pTDtInUJxYwMZsXw2gM4oV-0iCJv32M4ly5JRn8c4uSfDbPEUeuH4eWnD18dPzMnt1u01SZBHM0BZMpT6A0B_4_gQb3dQITFXQYxo03_IF8wuDL5wVveuymDLFmQe1pJNH1F5NW9u1a0OMz0wrlxC9cCknl2Z_mUqatyptamq76jxrI4Eqdzur4XtagQwMm5HpYAA_OE84k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS

Qi, J. (2004). Absolutism, relativism, and liberalism: Models of the relationship between administrative emergency powers and constitutionalism. Studies in Law and Business, 1, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.16390/j.cnki.issn1672-0393.2004.01.010

Qi, J. (2006). Probe into nature of law on administrative emergency power. Political Science and Law, (02), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-9512.2006.02.008

Qi, J. (2009). The models of the concept of risk and their implications for administrative legal systems. Administrative Law Review, 12, 165–186. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=pTDtInUJxYzC4YKv3pKtCZl_fVaM-JTISsm-CrlhvflSexZLgXv3gpa3_jPNmqilGE8QbBDY-k9GaTGztAqUC6AWDH9_cN7yiTxyI5VUEoxTMSujTb96Hy9Syrwv0z5wEp9aL8HRRyg0GzEn0y89jbsExKE02SwwpzOPquWmv-RF_ztdac1SZU2qxHbjTdu2&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS

Qi, J. (2011). Transformation of Chinese risk governance mode of food safety. Chinese Journal of Law, 01, 33–49. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=pTDtInUJxYzC4YKv3pKtCZl_fVaM-JTISsm-CrlhvflSexZLgXv3gpa3_jPNmqilGE8QbBDY-k9GaTGztAqUC6AWDH9_cN7yiTxyI5VUEoxTMSujTb96Hy9Syrwv0z5wEp9aL8HRRyg0GzEn0y89jbsExKE02SwwpzOPquWmv-RF_ztdac1SZU2qxHbjTdu2&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS

Rousseau, J. J. (2016). The social contract. In Democracy: A Reader. Columbia University Press, 43-51.

Steele, J. (2004). Risks and legal theory. Hart Publishing, 18–33.

Sun, X., & Guo, C. (2006). Application of legal paternalism in China. Social Sciences in China, 1, 47–58, 206. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=pTDtInUJxYwEFNKrGmhv6lE4kjdrwWBgUJPQncgA2tqd8_s4vvge0nJz7YCcBfLAlifJRbTa0LnMZrFecfcFLJfoyLI6JcxnD1FoXUFU8vJdkvci6xA8mG0njuZrN9z6BmvPkFmEHcbttCljpX42hWPYxsLjpZQFV7NEGBsyHvVnWWYU66cZC9nzJO10RPtF

Teng, H. (2011). Constitutional control on the administrative emergency power. Science of Law - Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law, (06), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.16290/j.cnki.1674-5205.2011.06.005

The State Council. (2019, November 20). Constitution of the People's Republic of China. China Government Website. https://www.npc.gov.cn/zgrdw/en/2021-06/01/c_1210112944.htm

VanDeveer, D. (1986). Paternalistic intervention. Princeton University Press, 14–16.

Xinhua News Agency. (2006, January 8). National general plan for emergency response to public emergencies. Chinese Government Portal. http://www.gov.cn/xxgk/2006-01/08/content_2614770.htm

Yu, A. (2020). On the structural adjustment of the National Emergencies Basic Act: Starting with the revision of the Emergency Response Law. Administrative Law Review, (03), 3–10.https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=pTDtInUJxYwMZsXw2gM4oV-0iCJv32M4ly5JRn8c4uSfDbPEUeuH4eWnD18dPzMnt1u01SZBHM0BZMpT6A0B_4_gQb3dQITFXQYxo03_IF8wuDL5wVveuymDLFmQe1pJNH1F5NW9u1a0OMz0wrlxC9cCknl2Z_mUqatyptamq76jxrI4Eqdzur4XtagQwMm5HpYAA_OE84k=&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS

Zhang, F. (2017). Two fallacies of legal paternalism. Science of Law (Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law), 4, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.16290/j.cnki.1674-5205.2017.04.001

Zhao, I., Burgess, A., & Wires. (2021, December 30). China brings back public shaming, parading alleged people-smugglers through streets. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-30/china-public-shaming-covid-rule-breakers-people-smugglers/100731450

Zhu, Z., & Peng, Z. (2020). Definition of the role of government in public health emergencies: Challenges and solutions. Southeast Academic Research, 02, 11-17. https://doi.org/10.13658/j.cnki.sar.2020.02.002

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 ZHAODI YU, Zhenxiang Xu (Author)

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.