Research on AI-Enabled Higher Education: Current Status, Challenges, and Strategies

Abstract

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in transformative opportunities and challenges for higher education, particularly in the context of China’s strategic push toward educational modernization and global competitiveness. This paper synthesizes current research on AI-enabled higher education, focusing on its applications, ethical dilemmas, and governance frameworks. Key findings highlight AI’s dual role as both an enabler of personalized learning, administrative efficiency, global accessibility, a disruptor of academic integrity, equity, and human agency. Generative AI (GAI) tools, such as adaptive tutoring systems and real-time feedback mechanisms, demonstrate significant potential to enhance student engagement and institutional workflows. However, risks including algorithmic bias, environmental costs, and the erosion of critical thinking skills underscore the need for robust ethical frameworks and adaptive governance models. The study emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, AI literacy programs, and dynamic policy interventions to balance innovation with accountability. By integrating technical resilience, precautionary ethics, and multilevel governance, higher education institutions can navigate AI’s dual mandate of fostering digital transformation while safeguarding human-centric educational values.