相变混凝土在建筑节能中的研究进展与应用展望
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70693/cjst.v2i4.2076Keywords:
相变材料；相变混凝土；水泥基复合材料；建筑节能；热工性能；耐久性Abstract
建筑采暖、空调与通风能耗长期占据运行能耗的重要比例，围护结构的被动蓄热与调温能力因而受到关注。相变材料具有潜热储能特征，将其引入混凝土或水泥基复合材料，可改善构件热惰性，缓解室内温度波动并延迟热流传递。本文围绕相变混凝土的材料组成、储能调温机理、制备方式、热工性能、力学性能、耐久性和工程应用展开综述。已有研究表明，微胶囊法、多孔载体吸附法、轻骨料负载法和复合封装法能够提升相变材料在水泥基体系中的形态稳定性，但较高掺量通常伴随强度下降、界面弱化和耐久性不确定性。相变混凝土可用于墙体、屋面、楼板和装配式构件的热调节，但工程应用仍受泄漏控制、导热匹配、长期服役性能、成本和评价标准限制。后续研究宜围绕热工、力学与耐久性能的协同设计开展，并加强实尺度构件验证、长期运行监测和全寿命周期评价，为其在绿色低碳建筑中的应用提供依据。
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