多孔沥青路面声学性能评价方法研究现状分析
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70693/cjst.v2i5.2162Keywords:
多孔沥青路面；轮胎—路面噪声；吸声系数；评价指标Abstract
多孔沥青路面声学性能评价涵盖材料吸声、轮胎—路面耦合及环境传播等多个尺度，不同测试方法所得吸声系数、近场声压或声强与路侧通过声级具有不同物理含义。本文梳理了阻抗管、原位吸声、轮胎冲击与滚落、室内滚筒、近场测试法（CPX）、车载声强法（OBSI）、统计通过法（SPB）及控制通过法（CPB），并从控制条件、频率表征、适用场景和误差来源等进行了比较。结果表明，阻抗管适合识别孔隙结构与吸声频域关系，但不能直接代表轮胎激励；室内滚动试验便于筛选混合料，但受轮胎、速度和边界反射影响；CPX与OBSI对路面差异敏感，SPB与CPB更接近居民实际暴露，但交通组成和传播环境增加了离散性。建立以1/3倍频程为共同数据层、以速度和温度修正为条件、以重复测试和参考路面为质量控制的多尺度评价体系，可提高材料吸声结果与现场降噪效应的解释一致性。
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