政治、历史与法律：对英美法理学“非历史性”的批判

胡泽民

doi:10.70693/rwsk.v1i4.843

Authors

胡泽民悉尼大学

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70693/rwsk.v1i4.843

Keywords:

英美法理学, 非历史性, 分析法学, 自然法, 历史法学派

Abstract

本文批判了莫顿·霍维茨关于英美法理学“非历史性”的论断，通过系统分析从边沁到哈特的分析法学理论，并对比自然法学派和历史法学派的观点，揭示了英美法理学的复杂本质。边沁的分析法学通过强调实证法，减少了法律的不确定性，但其法典化尝试的失败表明英美法系对历史传统的依赖。哈特的“软实证主义”则在坚持法律与道德分离的同时，承认法律内容需包含最低限度的自然法原则，体现了历史因素的影响。霍维茨的“非历史性”观点过于片面，英美法理学实际上兼具历史与非历史的双重特征。最后，“综合法理学”作为更全面的理论框架，能整合分析法学、自然法学派和历史法学派的优势，更准确地描述英美法理学的本质。

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