非人类动物的道德地位:权利、利益与人类责任的再审视
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70693/rwsk.v1i6.1092Keywords:
主动伦理框架, Umwelt 理论, 物种互动, 伦理动态塑造, Umwelt 重叠Abstract
我们采用一个主动伦理框架,它把主动认知原则同Jakob von Uexküll的Umwelt理论联系起来,来重新安排非人类动物权利和人类责任,该理论通过Merleau-Pontian现象学去作,传统依靠权利的模式常常强加静态的伦理种类,而我们的办法是从物种之间的互动性意义塑造之中,动态地塑造伦理,其中人与动物的关系显示为一种共同形成过程,这个框架把物种特有的感知世界(Umwelten)形式化为拓扑流形,捕捉感觉,可供性和行为方面,以此取代用代理为中心的表示,道德义务源于可衡量的Umwelt重叠,这量化了物种之间意义协调的潜力,而且,监管系统被重新设计,把Umwelt完整性分数置于传统福利指标之上。而且,我们把人和动物的伦理关系当作耦合的动态系统,人类中心主义的偏见被物种之间的耦合动力学积极地抵消掉,这里的新颖之处在于本体论的倒置:我们没有把人的衍生权利扩大,而是把伦理学建立在动物环境不可简化的主体性之上,而且通过生态现象学和压力反应生理学得到了证实,实际应用包含用自适应栖息地控制器的精准畜牧业,能够实时最大程度地减小Umwelt不和谐,这个框架通过把道德考虑嵌入共存的生活经验当中来推动物种之间的伦理,为政策,农业和保护供应了可扩展的范式。
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