视听功能受损与老年人轻度认知障碍的流行病学关联：文献综述

蒲 葛; 云 徐; 亚娟 王; 嘉怡 林

doi:10.70693/cjmsr.v1i2.978

Authors

蒲葛 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
云徐
亚娟王
嘉怡林

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70693/cjmsr.v1i2.978

Keywords:

视力受损, 听力受损, 轻度认知障碍, 双重感觉障碍

Abstract

随着全球老龄化进程加速，老年认知障碍已成为重大公共卫生挑战。本文综述了视听功能损伤与老年人轻度认知障碍（MCI）的流行病学关联。研究表明，全球60岁以上人群听力损失患病率达65%，55岁以上人群视力受损患病率达46%。MCI作为痴呆前驱阶段，在全球老年人中患病率在16-21%，其向痴呆的年转化率高达10-20%。流行病学证据显示，单一感官损伤（视力或听力）会使MCI风险增加，而视听力双重损伤的协同效应更为显著，使MCI风险进一步提升。相关作用机制涉及神经退行性病变的共同通路、感觉剥夺引发的认知刺激不足以及社会心理因素。值得注意的是，未矫正的屈光异常与老年性耳聋等可干预因素在认知衰退中具有重要作用。现有研究提示将视听筛查纳入老年健康监测体系，并建立"感官-认知"综合干预模式，可能有效延缓认知衰退进程。未来需开展多中心前瞻性研究，深入探索视听-脑网络交互机制，为认知障碍的早期防控提供进一步的循证依据。

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