领事协助权在投资入籍下的挑战与应对
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70693/rwsk.v1i7.1203Keywords:
领事协助, 投资入籍, 双重国籍Abstract
当下，全球化浪潮对传统国际规则带来挑战。外交关系方面，国籍冲突问题尤为凸显，且由于投资入籍项目的兴起及双重国籍现象的普遍发生，领事协助权的行使愈显规则缺失之憾。《维也纳领事关系公约》于1963年正式颁布，彼时，双重国籍还未成趋势，投资入籍项目更是尚未产生，这使得领事权利的边界产生空白，导致各国在实践中形成多种不同立场与做法，并存在拒绝他国领事协助请求的先例。双重国籍极易引发国籍认定标准分歧与协助主体数量争议，进而刺激原国籍国以“无责任原则”排斥投资入籍国协助权，形成与“主导国籍原则”的法理冲突；而第三国更借入境护照差异或恶意取得抗辩扩张自由裁量空间，其深层动因在于投资入籍国与公民实质联系薄弱的系统性弱势。对此，国际社会需通过规则补缺确立“有效国籍”标准，中国尤应完善《领事保护与协助条例》封堵公民海外权益风险，为“一带一路”跨境安全治理筑牢制度防线。基于此，本文旨在通过对《维约》公约文本及适用案例的研究，着重分析第5条、第36条的规则缺漏，探究国家行使领事协助权面临的实践挑战，并为个人及国家处理投资入籍问题提供对策思路。
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