身体物质的动态形构 ——从器官的可塑性谈十八世纪的唯物主义论争
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70693/rwsk.v1i6.1082Keywords:
狄德罗, 赫姆斯特惠斯, 博内, 唯物主义, 可塑性Abstract
18世纪中叶的水螅实验触发自然研究从宇宙学向生物学转向，引发唯物主义哲学论争。狄德罗以水螅再生论证物质自组织与转化论，主张物种为无序演变产物，人类器官具可塑性及偶然性；博内通过物质化“存在之链”构建目的论形而上学，认为器官可塑性指向神性完善；赫姆斯特惠斯融合目的论与超唯物主义，将器官增殖视为人类发展目标，提出“物质潜在外延可变”主张。三者交锋最终催生“技术形而上学”，即以器官改造为认知工具重塑世界。
References
狄德罗, 江天骥，陈修斋，王太庆.《狄德罗哲学选集》[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 1997.
拉·美特里, 顾寿观.《人是机器》[M]. 北京: 商务印书馆, 1996.
Aram Vartanian. Trembley's Polyp, La Mettrie, and Eighteenth-Century French Materialism[ J ]. Journal of the History of Ideas, vol.11, no. 3, 1950: pp.259-286.
Charles Bonnet, Christiane Frémont eds. La palingénésie philosophique[M]. Paris: Fayard, 2002.
Daniel Whistler. François Hemsterhuis and the Writing of Philosophy[M]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2022.
François Hemsterhuis, Jacob van Sluis eds. Briefwisseling (Hemsterhuisiana), 13 vols, vol.3[M]. Berlstum: self-published, 2011.
François Hemsterhuis, Jacob van Sluis eds.Briefwisseling (Hemsterhuisiana), 13 vols, vol.5[M]. Berlstum: self-published, 2011.
Hemsterhuis, François (2022–2023), Jacob van Sluis and Daniel Whistler ed. and trans.The Edinburgh Edition of the Complete Philosophical Works of François Hemsterhuis [EE], 3 vols.[M]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022.
J. van der Hoeven. Drie Brieven van F. Hemsterhuis: Eene mededeeling betreffende de beoefening der natuurlijke historie in het midden der vorige eeuw[ J ]. Album der natuur. vol. 14, no. 1, 1865: pp.257-264.
Leif Weatherby. Transplanting the Metaphysical Organ[M]. New York: Fordham University Press, 2016.
Marta Sukiennicka. La Palingénésie philosophique de Charles Bonnet : le pouvoir heuristique d’un imaginaire matérialiste des Lumières[ J ]. Studia Romanica Posnaniensia, vol. 44(4), 2017: pp.25-34.
Tobias Cheung. Omnis Fibra Ex Fibra: Fibre Œconomies in Bonnet's and Diderot's Models of Organic Order[ J ]. Early Science and Medicine, Vol. 15, No. 1/2, Transitions and Borders between Animals, Humans and Machines 1600-1800 (2010), pp. 66-104.
Virginia P. Dawson. Nature’s Enigma: The Problem of the Polyp in the Letters of Bonnet, Trembley and Réaumur[M]. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1987.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 夏铮铮
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
人文与社会科学学刊© 2025 已获得 
